ࡱ> fG(  ~  ~*jmwenda@aacc-ceta.org8mailto:jmwenda@aacc-ceta.orgbinfo@pacja.org*mailto:info@pacja.orgz(mwemithika@yahoo.com6mailto:mwemithika@yahoo.com/ 00DArialngsBoldxxPw 0DImpactgsBoldxxPw 0" DScript MT BoldxxPw 0B0DWingdingsBoldxxPw 0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` h`|      !    0AA@yʚ;ʚ;g4bdbd( 0ppp@ <4ddddTm 0x,w ~0___PPT10 >___PPT9 X8mailto:jmwenda@aacc-ceta.orgJ*mailto:info@pacja.orgf &?  %w?BACKGROUND OF UNFCCCtEmerged on the political agenda in the mid-1980s with the increasing scientific evidence of human interference in the global climate system and with growing concern about the environment. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide policy makers with authoritative scientific information in 1988. IPCC was tasked with assessing the state of scientific knowledge concerning climate change, evaluating its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts, and formulating realistic policy advice. ut, % _BACKGROUND OF UNFCCC`The IPCC published its first report in 1990 concluding that the growing accumulation of human-made greenhouse gases in the atmosphere would  enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth s surface by the next century, unless measures were adopted to limit emissions. The report confirmed that climate change was a threat and called for an international treaty to address the problem. BACKGROUND OF UNFCCC>The UN General Assembly responded by formally launching negotiations for a framework convention on climate change and establishing an  Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to develop the treaty. Negotiations to formulate an international treaty on global climate protection began in 1991 and resulted in the completion, by May 1992, of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). BACKGROUND OF UNFCCC The UNFCCC was opened for signature during the UN Conference on Environment and Development ( the Earth Summit ) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, and entered into force in March 1994. 8&BACKGROUND OF UNFCCCB OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION The Convention sets an ultimate objective of stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at safe levels. To achieve this objective, all countries have a general commitment to address climate change, adapt to its effects, and report their actions to implement the Convention. L&& BACKGROUND OF UNFCCCWThe Convention divides countries into two groups: Annex I Parties, the industrialised countries who have historically contributed the most to climate change, and Non-Annex I Parties, which include primarily the developing countries. African countries belong to Non-Annex I category, and have no obligation to cut down its greenhouse gases. XWH BACKGROUND OF UNFCCC/The objective could not be achieved since there were no legally binding obligations for any party to reduce its greenhouse gases Meanwhile science continued to warn of dire consequences if the community of nation failed to seriously address the increased concentration of ghg gases in the atmosphere. <.-$  BACKGROUND OF UNFCCCfKYOTO PROTOCOL Required countries to take commitment to reduce ghgs Agreed in Japan in 1997 during COP3 Entered into force in 2005 Focused on mitigation (market-based) Gave little priority to adaptation Resultant mechanisms  Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) which has not worked for Africa and the poor 2Z%Z$%?  "WHERE WE ARE NOW& 63 Legal mandate of Kyoto expires by 2012 There should be no vacuum Science is very clear  we have reached the tipping point IPCC-AR4, 2007 Global consensus that CC will have effects on all efforts to reduce poverty, e.g. MDGs Global dialogue for a regime to succeed Kyoto protocol which should be pro-poor, people-driven, equitable and just Endless game of musical chairs  always shifting goalposts Z  THE NORTH-SOUTH IMPASSE(3PDivided house - a lot of suspicion in discussions  conflicting positions North wants South to take commitments South says North has historical responsibility to assist in adaptation, reduce ghgs, etc Some in South say they should be allowed to pollute to reach the same level as North The civil society want a middle-ground, where all should take responsibility but putting into consideration their levels of development   'NO PROGRESS IN POZNAN & BONN I, II, III(( 3PThe lack of substantive progress overshadowed three positive process related outcomes : A commitment to shift from discussion mode to full negotiating mode in 2009 A programme and schedule of talks in the run up to Copenhagen was agreed The Adaptation Fund, set up to help poorer countries deal with climate change, is now operational FXZ%ZZXP  PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESS ON:!! 3M A shared comprehensive equitable vision for the negotiations The adequacy of emission reductions targets for Annex 1 countries The scale and nature of the obligation of Annex 1 countries to provide adequate financial and technological support for clean development, avoided deforestation and adaptation in developing countries "NnKM PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESS 3PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESS 3PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESS 3PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESS 3KEY DATES (INTERNATIONAL)3SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS IN THE COUNTDOWN TO COPENHAGEN 29 March  8 April 2009  AWG, Bonn 1 - 14 June  SBSTA 30, Bonn, 10 August 2009-14 August 2009.Bonn, Germany, Informal meetings of the AWG-LCA and AWG-KP 22 September 2009,UN H/Q, New York, US; high-level event on climate change for Heads of State and Government, by UN Secretary-General Ad hoc Working Group for Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) 7 and Ad hoc Working Group for the Enhancement of Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) 9, 28 September - 9 October, Bangkok, Thailand 2 November 2009-6 November 2009,Barcelona, Spain. A resumed AWG-LCA and the AWG-KP9 7 -18 December 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark. UNFCCC COP 15 and Kyoto Protocol COP/MOP 5 End of 2012  Deadline for ratification of a new Climate deal J P>A\.P  V W> KEY DATES (AFRICA)3AMCEN is leading the consolidation of a unified African position  mandated by AU Has an elaborate plan of action on continental engagement 23  29 May 2009: 3rd AMCEN Session on climate change, Nairobi, Kenya PACJA CS meeting  23 - 24 1  3: AU Heads of States Assembly on climate change, Sirte, Libya 24 August 2009; Conference of African Heads of States and Governments on CC, shifted to Libya Eastern Africa Climate Equity Summit  Nairobi, Kenya, April 2009 Southern Africa Climate Equity meeting, Johannesburg, SA, May 2009 1st Pre-AMCEN African CS consultative workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 2009 Pan African Parliamentary Climate Summit, Yaound, Cameroon, 25  27, June 2009 African Parliamentary Summit on Climate Change, October, Nairobi, Kenya 4th Special AMCEN session on CC, 19  21 Oct. - Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2nd African civil society consultative/strategy workshop, 16  18, Oct, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia COMESA IS PLAYING A KEY ROLE IN THIS MOBILISATIONP>Pb D [>#  URGENT & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS $$3(Consolidation of a critical mass: All stakeholders in Africa; governments, private sector and civil society should work together to boost their numbers & enhance visibility Coalition of the willing and missionary approach: need to convert more, particularly influential constituencies, by creating awareness through appropriate channels: open air meetings, churches/mosques, parliaments, media, youth groups, women group, CBOs, petitions, etc 2!303URGENT & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS $$3(Negotiators: Keeping a watchful eye and tracking African negotiators in UNFCCC and demanding report-back (accountability) Pressure to governments: ensuring that negotiators are fully supported by their governments; technically & financially Representation: African governments should be fully represented; due to lack of sufficient resources, civil society should work with government delegations as they can use their own resources HZ 3n3_3URGENT & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS $$3(FARNPAN, OTHER STATES & NON-STATE ACTORS Should not be passive spectators in the debate How should you engage others? FARNPAN under ACCID is playing key role in general stakeholder engagement at continental & int l level What strategic alliances should FARNPAN and Southern African governments establish? What plans will SADC/FARNPAN play in Copenhagen? And in Africa? 8)H)J / Asante sana Kea Leboha (Lesotho) THANK YOU!J- 0(0 P>  0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> |t (    6֑  `}<$ 0  T Click to edit Master title style! !B  0ّ  `<$ 0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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GP)*drs/shapexml.xmlPK-!B5drs/downrev.xmlPK    xParties agreed on Bali Roadmap This is intended to build consensus on main pillars of post-2012 climate change regime: Adaptation Mitigation Technology transfer and deployment Finance Positive development: the roadmap has brought adaptation at the fore of negotiations  adaptation will find more space after 2009 ~wA3XA3oH 8 0޽h ? MMM̙___PPT10i.E /+D=' = @B +  0 <<(  <~ < s *k`}   ~ < s *Pp `  H < 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.ľ`+D=' = @B +  0 @T(  @~ @ s *| `    @ c $   *hu=MH @ 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.;`o+D=' = @B +   0   d(  d~ d s *@ `@   |  d #" @   d <,ٸ?@  .DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Main aim is to get Annex II parties to make deeper int l commitments on mitigation Agree to common but differentiated responsibilities and resepective capabilities but by this they mean developing countries must be differentiated in terms of their obligations* n @`# d <?@  9DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Want Annex I parties to make ambitious emissions cuts (40%) in the 2nd commitment period Are not responsible and should not be subjected to international legally binding emissions reductions. They will try their best but their efforts depend on finance and technology from developed countriesD%D  @``B d 0o ?`B d 0o ?`B d 0o ?ZB d s *1 ?@ @ `B d 0o ?H d 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.;`o+D=' = @B +5  0 LD p(  p~ p s * `@   |   p #" @ Y p <4?@  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Stressing only the long-term global goal of emission reduction in the shared vision as the main outcome in Copenhagen (u @`/ p <?@  [DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Shared vision includes all aspects of building blocks of finance, technology, mitigation, adaptation Global goal of emission reduction is not a stand-alone issue, but must be derived from an equity-based approach in which the developed countries and developing countries contributions are clearly different, based on justice..GG @``B p 0o ?`B p 0o ?`B p 0o ?ZB  p s *1 ?@ @ `B  p 0o ?H p 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.;`o+D=' = @B +   0  tk(  t~ t s *h `@     t# #" @ ( t <?@  LDEVELOPED COUNTRIES Want maximum obligations from developing countries; they want mitigation actions to be subjected to reduction commitments Keeping their positions on this vague. They want to see developing countries actions first & developing countries should also contribute. Fear is that they eventually have little to offer. 6Mz  @` t <?@  uDEVELOPING COUNTRIES MITIGATION: Stress that their mitigation actions can be enhanced subject to (Measurable, reportable and Verifiable (MRV) only on condition and the extent of enabling and supported finance and technology which have to be MRVed. Actions, not outcomes can be MRVed. FINANCE & TECHNOLOGY: Concrete and adequate implementation of commitments by developed countries key to unblock the impasse; issues on this should be resolved upfront.8>}d @``B t 0o ?`B t 0o ?`B t 0o ?ZB  t s *1 ?@ @ `B  t 0o ?H t 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.;`o+D=' = @B +Q  0 h` x(  x~ x s * `@   :  x# #" @  x <`?@  r DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Don t want new structure under the UNFCCC, with certain principle & prefer existing Funds; World Bank, Bilateral Aid, etc.  } @` x <|?@  DDEVELOPING COUNTRIES FINANCE: A financial structure under the UNFCCC, with certain principles A substantial quantum; G77/China pushing for 0.1% of GNP; US$200B to US$400B Annually Should be aid but payment under UNFCCC Supremacy of UNFCCC " @``B x 0o ?`B x 0o ?`B x 0o ?ZB  x s *1 ?@ @ `B  x 0o ?H x 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.;`o+D=' = @B +  0 D<(  D~ D s *'   ~ D s *'@  H D 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.ξ.J+D=' = @B +  0  H<(  H~ H s *4p   ~ H s *5P  H H 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.ξ.J+D=' = @B +  0 0LI(  L  Pp L# #"&EI]P p  L <$`3?"` Pp+ yFirst commitment period%   @` L <T ?"`+pz 2012 26 Nov 2012-7 Dec 2012 $     @`( L <Th ?"` +z 2011 28 Nov 2011-9 Dec 2011 .      @`# L <s ?"`+ z 2010 8 -19 November 2010 ,     @` L <} ?"` +z (2009 7  18 Dec 2009$    @` L <܇?zp v COP18 Asia&     @`  L <? z tCOP17 SA&     @`  L <@?z  COP16 Latin America&    @`  L <x? z |COP15 Copenhagen&    @`  L <? p V   @`  L <?   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H2 k<+Understanding the negotiations: From Kyoto &      $ * .-@BScript MT Bold-. ?2 i%through Bali to Copenhagen and beyond &    .. ?2 g%through Bali to Copenhagen and beyond &    .-@Arial-. 2 )Mithikag.. 2 (Mithikag.-@Arial-. 2 )Mwenda.. 2 (Mwenda.-@Arial-. 2 J COORDINATOR .. 2 I COORDINATOR .-@Arial-. <2 t#PAN AFRICAN CLMATE JUSTICE ALLIANCEn       .. <2 s#PAN AFRICAN CLMATE JUSTICE ALLIANCEn       .-@Arial-. 2  Tel: +254O.. 2  Tel: +254O.-@Arial-.  2  - ..  2  - .-@Arial-.  2 20..  2 20.-@Arial-.  2 3- ..  2 2- .-@Arial-. 42 <4441483, 4441338/9, Cell: +254.. 42 ;4441483, 4441338/9, Cell: +254.-@Arial-.  2 - ..  2 - .-@Arial-.  2 724..  2 724.-@Arial-.  2 - ..  2 - .-@Arial-. 2 403 555g.. 2 403 555g.-@Arial-. 2 7 Fax: +254 .. 2 6 Fax: +254 .-@Arial-.  2 - ..  2 - .-@Arial-.  2 20..  2 20.-@Arial-.  2 - ..  2 - .-@Arial-. 2 4443241/4445835.. 2 4443241/4445835.-@Arial-. 2 >Email: g.. 2 =Email: g.-@Arial-. %2 mwemithika@yahoo.com  .. %2 mwemithika@yahoo.com  .-----@Arial-.  2 , ..  2 , .-@Arial-. 2  jmwenda@aacc .. 2  jmwenda@aacc .-@Arial-.  2 - ..  2 - .-@Arial-. 2 ceta.org .. 2 ceta.org .-----@Arial-.  2 , ..  2 , .-@Arial-. 2 info@pacja.org  .. 2 info@pacja.org  .-------%--'՜.+,D՜.+,    TOn-screen ShowZ W ArialImpactScript MT Bold WingdingsDefault DesignICOUNTDOWN TO COPENHAGEN Understanding the negotiations: From Kyoto through Bali to Copenhagen and beyond Mithika Mwenda COORDINATOR PAN AFRICAN CLMATE JUSTICE ALLIANCE Tel: +254-20-4441483, 4441338/9, Cell: +254-724-403 555 Fax: +254-20-4443241/4445835 Email: mwemithika@yahoo.com, jmwenda@aacc-ceta.org, info@pacja.org BACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCBACKGROUND OF UNFCCCWHERE WE ARE NOWTHE NORTH-SOUTH IMPASSE RACING AGAINST TIME (NO PROGRESS IN POZNAN & BONN I, II, III!PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESS ON:PARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESSPARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESSPARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESSPARTIES YET TO MAKE PROGRESSKEY DATES (INTERNATIONAL)KEY DATES (AFRICA) Slide 21 Slide 22URGENT & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS URGENT & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS URGENT & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS Slide 26  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles 8@ _PID_HLINKSA@mailto:jmwenda@aacc-ceta.orgmailto:info@pacja.orgmailto:mwemithika@yahoo.com)_6 Mishkah HoldstockMishkah Holdstock  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Current UserSummaryInformation(@!PowerPoint Document(Z DocumentSummaryInformation8